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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00093_Field_frep81.txt
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1996-12-30
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89 lines
As in the case of the simple
cell, we do not know exactly
how complex cells are built up.
But, again, it is easy to propose
plausible schemes, and the
simplest one is to imagine that
the complex cell receives input
from many simple cells, all of
whose fields have the same
orientation but are spread out
in overlapping fashion over the
entire field of the complex cell,
as shown in the illustration to
the left. If the connections
from simple to complex cells
are excitatory, then wherever a
line falls in the field, some
simple cells are activated; the
complex cell will therefore be
activated. If, on the other
hand, a stimulus fills the
entire receptive field, none of
the simple cells will be
activated, and the complex cell
won't be activated.
This wiring diagram would
account for the properties of a
complex cell. As in the previous
figure, we suppose that a large
number of simple cells (only
three are shown here) make
excitatory synapses with a
single complex cell. Each
simple cell responds optimally
to a vertically oriented edge
with light to the right, and the
receptive fields are scattered in
overlapping fashion throughout
the rectangle. An edge falling
anywhere within the rectangle
evokes a response from a few
simple cells, and this in turn
evokes a response in the
complex cell. Because there is
adaptation at the synapses,
only a moving stimulus will
keep up a steady bombardment
of the complex cell.
The burst of impulses from a
complex cell to turning on a
stationary line and not moving
it is generally brief even if the
light is kept on: we say that the
response adapts. When we move
the line through the complex
cell's receptive field, the
sustained response may be the
result of overcoming the
adaptation, by bringing in new
simple cells one after the next.
You will have noticed that
the schemes for building simple
cells from center-surround
ones, as in the previous wiring
illustration, and for building
complex cells out of simple
ones, as in the illustration at
left, both involve excitatory
processes. In the two cases,
however, the processes must be
very different. The first scheme
requires simultaneous summed
inputs from center-surround
cells whose field centers lie
along a line. In the second
scheme, activation of the
complex cell by a moving
stimulus requires successive
activation of many simple cells.
It would be interesting to know
what, if any, morphological
differences underlie this
difference in addition
properties.